Chapter 5 of 42 · Shata Rudra Samhita · Overall chapter 234 of 464
Nineteen of Shiva's Avataras
The prophecy continues through the tenth to the twenty-seventh dvapara yugas, naming each avatara-name, hermitage-mountain and set of four disciple-sons in turn, before reaching the twenty-eighth and climactic birth: Shiva will be born as Lakuli (Lakulisha) alongside Krishna Dvaipayana as Vyasa, with four disciples, founding the Pashupata lineage whose later followers - the 112 ash-smeared, rudraksha-wearing, lingam-worshipping Pashupatas - are named explicitly.
Shiva said
In the tenth dvapara the sage Tridhama will be Vyasa, on the beautiful mountain Bhrigutunga on the Himalayan summits, and Shiva's learned sons will be Bhrigu and others: Balabandhu, Naramitra and Ketushringa, a store of austerities. In the eleventh, Trivrita will be Vyasa, and Shiva will be born at Gangadvara as Kali and perform austerities, with four firm sons, Lambodara, Lambaksha, Keshalamba and Pralambaka. In the twelfth, Shatateja will arrange the Vedas, and when dvapara ends and kali begins Shiva will be born wearing a golden bodice under the name Atri, helping Vyasa establish the path of withdrawal, with four excellent yogi sons: Sarvajna, Samabuddhi, Sadhya and Sharva. In the thirteenth, Narayana will be Vyasa, always following dharma, and Shiva will be the great sage Bali in the hermitage of the valakhilyas on the supreme mountain Gandhamadana, with auspicious sons Sudhama, Kashyapa, Vasishtha and Viraja. In the fourteenth, Raksha will be Vyasa, and Shiva will be born as Goutama in Angiras's line, with sons Atri, Devashada, Shravana and Shravishkata. In the fifteenth, Trayaruni will be Vyasa, and Shiva will be Vedashira, fount of the Vedas, immensely valiant by that weapon, on the Himalayan slopes on Sarasvati's northern bank in the mountain called Vedashirsha, with four steadfast sons, Kuni, Kunibahu, Kusharira and Kunetraka. In the sixteenth, Deva will be Vyasa, and to impart yoga to him Shiva will be born as Gokarna in the very sacred forest Gokarna, with four yogi sons honoured by the waters there, Kashyapa, Ushanas, Chyavana and Brihaspati, who will follow that path to Shiva's abode. In the seventeenth, Devakritanjaya will be Vyasa, and Shiva will be born as Guhavasin on the auspicious Himalayan peaks, where a great temple on a lofty summit is Shiva's kshetra, with sons Utathya, Vamadeva, Mahayoga and Mahabala. In the eighteenth, Ritanjaya will be Vyasa, and Shiva will be born as Shikhandin on that auspicious summit, in the very sacred siddha kshetra with a mountain and forest named Shikhandin frequented by siddhas, with sons, stores of austerities, Vachahshrava, Ruchika, Syavasya and Yatishvara. In the nineteenth, the great sage Bharadvaja will be Vyasa, and Shiva will be born as Jatimali, on the Himalayan peaks, with sons honoured by the waters there, Hiranyanama, Koushalya, Lokakshi and Pradhimi. In the twentieth, Goutama will be Vyasa, and Shiva will be born as Attahasa, where men laugh loudly, on the great Himalayan mountain Attahasa frequented by gods, humans, yakshas, Indra, siddhas and charanas, with excellent yogi sons Sumantu, learned Barbari, Kabandha and Kushikandhara. In the twenty-first, Vachahshrava will be Vyasa, and Shiva will be born in the auspicious forest of Daruvana as Daruka, with yogi sons Plaksha, Darbhayani, Ketuman and Goutama. In the twenty-second, Shushmayana will be Vyasa, and Shiva will be born as a great sage in Varanasi named Languli Bhima, whom the gods with Vasava will see in that kali yuga as Bhava and Halayudha, with very dharmic sons Bhallavi, Madhupinga, Shveta and Ketu. In the twenty-third, the sage Trinabindu will be Vyasa, and Shiva will be born as Shveta on the auspicious mountain Kalanjara, with ascetic sons Ushika, Brihadashva, Devala and Kavi. In the twenty-fourth, Vibhu will be Vyasa, and Shiva will be born in Naimisha as a great yogi named Shuli, with ascetic disciples Shalihotra, Agnivesha, Yuvanashva and Sharadvasu. In the twenty-fifth, the one named Shakti will be Vyasa, and Shiva will be a great yogi bearing a staff, the lord Mundishvara, with ascetic disciples Chagala, Kundakarna, Kumbhanda and Pravahaka. In the twenty-sixth, Parashara will be Vyasa, and Shiva will be born as Sahishnu and reach the city of Bhadravata, with ascetic disciples Uluka, Vidyuta, Shambuka and Ashvalayana. In the twenty-seventh, Jatukarnya will be Vyasa, and Shiva will be born as Somasharma and base himself in the tirtha of Prabhasa, with ascetic disciples Akshapada, Kumara, Uluka and Vatsa.
In the twenty-eighth dvapara, Parashara's son will be Vyasa, with the name Dvaipayana, and with one sixth of his portion Hari Purushottama will be born as Krishna, best of Vasudeva's sons, known as Vaasudeva. With yoga in his self and the maya of yoga, Shiva will be born, with a brahmachari's body. He will see a body abandoned in a cremation ground and, for the brahmanas' welfare, use the maya of yoga to enter it and make it free of ailments, amazing people. Then with Brahma and Vishnu he will enter a divine, sacred cave in Meru. At that time, Shiva said to Brahma, he would be born under the name Lakuli. The place where the avatara takes a physical body will be a supreme siddha kshetra and as long as the earth lasts will be extremely famous. There too he would have ascetic disciples, Kushika, Garga, Mitra and Kourushya. Yogis, brahmanas, those learned in the Vedas and those who hold up their seed gain Maheshvara yoga and go to Shiva's city. Shiva said the supreme self's avataras as lords of yoga in the Vaivasvata manvantara had thus been described. All would be excellent in their vows. There would be twenty-eight Vyasas, one in each dvapara, and the avataras as lords of yoga would occur at the start of each kali yuga and enhance the path of yoga. Each time there would be four undying disciples, great devotees of Shiva, known as Pashupatas, who would smear their bodies with ash and dust, wear strings of rudraksha as ornaments and bear the tripundra mark on their heads. All would be devoted to dharma and skilled in the Vedas and Vedangas, always based inside and out on worship of the lingam, masters of their senses, full of devotion to Shiva, absorbed in yoga and meditation. The learned reckon their number at a hundred and twelve. Shiva said he had thus told Brahma the signs of the avataras, from Manu to Krishna, in all twenty-eight, and that, as with Krishna Dvaipayana, in every kalpa the ordinances of the shruti are arranged.
Nandishvara concluded
After thus favouring Brahma and speaking to him, Maheshvara, lord of the gods, glanced at him again and vanished.
Retold in our own words from Bibek Debroy's English translation of the Shiva Purana (Penguin Classics). Names, numbers and the order of events follow the source.